Enhancement in the activity of heat shock protein (HSP) 90 and 47, lysyl oxidase (LOX), and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) was observed through in vitro gene expression studies. These genes regulate collagen repair, matrix remodeling, processing of pro-collagen and inhibition of collagenase and elastase respectively.
Improvement in collagen repair
Processing of procollagen by Olepent®
Improvement in matrix remodelling
Improvement in the TIMP-1 expression with Olepent®
Effect of Olepent® on gene expression
| Genes | Property of the gene | Olepent® vs. Control |
|---|---|---|
| HSP90 | Collagen repair | Significant enhancement |
| LOX (Lysyl oxidase) | Matrix remodeling | Significant enhancement |
| HSP47 | Processing of pro-collagen | Moderate enhancement |
| TIMP-1 | Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases | Moderate enhancement |
Olepent® tested on array of different genes
| Genes | Gene name | Fold increase | Gene function | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CDSN | Corneodesmosin | 1.78 | Barrier function | ||
| CLDN7 | Claudin7 | 1.69 | Barrier function | ||
| FLG | Filaggrin | 2.23 | Barrier function | Improves barrier function | |
| LCE3D | Late cornified envelope 3D | 1.61 | Barrier function | ||
| LOR | Loricrin | 1.63 | Barrier/ Keratinocyte differentiation | ||
| ITGβ4 | Integrin, β4 | 1.76 | Cell adhesion/ Barrier function | ||
| PPARD | Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor | 1.59 | Cell cycle/ Cell proliferation | Increases keratinocyte proliferation | |
| TP63 | Tumor protein p63 | 1.56 | Cell cycle/ Cell proliferation | ||
| MKI67 | Antigen identified by Ki-67 antibody | 1.83 | Cell proliferation | ||
| KLK5 | Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 | 2.44 | Desquamation/ Extracellular matrix | ||
| TGFβ1 | Transforming growth factor, β1 | 1.72 | Extracellular matrix/ Collagen | Increases TGF β, enhancing collagen | |
| DSG3 | Desmoglein 3 | 2.19 | Extracellular matrix/ Cell adhesion | ||
| AQP5 | Aquaporin 5 | 1.97 | Hydration | Improves hydration | |
| CALML5 | Calmodulin-like 5 | 1.91 | Keratinocyte differentiation | ||
| BMP2 | Bone morphogenetic protein 2 | 1.80 | Whitening/ Melanogenesis | Enhances skin whitening |